Attachment in the Classroom: Why Relationships Matter for Learning

The importance of strong relationships between teachers and students is often underestimated in relation to academic success. However, research shows that secure attachments in the classroom can have a profound impact on students' academic achievement and overall wellbeing.

Attachment refers to the deep emotional bonds that forms between a child and their caregivers. While we typically think of attachment in terms of parent-child relationships, similar bonds can develop between teachers and students and are, in fact, necessary for young children who are not able to suspend their attachment needs for the school day.

Secure attachment can be understood in terms of relationship quality. When children are able to depend upon teachers to be reliable, sensitive, and responsive to their emotional needs, secure attachments may develop. This is considered the healthiest form of attachment - providing students with a sense of security that allows them to explore, take risks, and engage fully in learning. Conversely, classrooms that lack attunement and responsivity are more likely to foster insecure attachments, which compromises a student’s willingness to engage.

Not surprisingly, research shows that secure attachments in the classroom are linked to higher grades, better test scores, and higher levels of academic motivation in comparison to insecure attachment types. Securely attached children also demonstrate greater emotional regulation, social competence, and willingness to take on challenges. Conversely, insecure attachments are associated with lower achievement and higher rates of behavioural issues.

While the benefits of secure teacher-student relationships are relevant to all students, they are particularly significant for students who are at-risk. For children facing challenges at home or struggling academically, a supportive bond with a teacher can serve as a protective factor and help put them on a more positive trajectory both in school and in their personal lives.

Of course, it is true that building strong relationships with students takes time. Some may argue that, in the current era of high-stakes testing and accountability, focusing on relationships is a luxury that schools and teachers can't afford. However, the research suggests that nurturing teacher-student attachments is not merely a luxury, but fundamental to raising achievement. This is because emotional security is a fundamental need for children, and provides the foundation necessary to fully engage in learning.

Of course, promoting attachment is not just about boosting test scores. Strong relationships with teachers contribute to students' overall wellbeing and social-emotional development. They help children feel valued, develop a sense of belonging at school, and build the skills needed for healthy relationships throughout life.

For educators, parents, and policymakers alike, it is important to recognise the profound impact that caring and attuned relationships can have on children's development and success. While curriculum and pedagogy are undoubtedly important, we must not lose sight of the power and necessity of human connection in the classroom. By prioritising attachment and emotional security, we can create learning environments where all students have the opportunity to thrive.